TuneCore is a music delivery and distribution service that lets you put your music up for sale on iTunes and Rhapsody.  For less than $10.00 you can get an album put on sale at iTunes for a year. You keep all of the rights and all of the profits from sale.  Getting music in the stores has always been one of the biggest barriers for independents, but now with TuneCore, independents have a low cost way of getting their music in one of the largest music stores in the world.  Of course, distribution and sale is only one aspect of selling music. Independents still have to find a way to promote their music, to get it heard by people so new listeners will  want to buy it.  That's still something that they'll have to do on their own.

For iTunes and Rhapsody, being the main distribution point for independent music will be a key distinguishing feature over the every shrinking music department in the local WalMart.  Offering 10,000,000 or 100,000,000 different songs, including songs by the band that plays in the local eatery every friday night will drive new customers to the online store.  The key problem, however,  for the iTune and Rhapsody is to figure out how to  drive people into the long tail, to find new music that they'll like. 

Already, there has been quite a bit of effort made around social recommendation and collaborative filtering to help people find new music. Last.fm is one of the most successful examples of this.  However, social recommendation suffers from a 'popularity bias'. Social systems tend to favor what is popular, so what is popular gets recommended more and becomes even more popular.  It is hard for an unknown independent artist to make headway with this type of recommendation.  That's where content-based recommendation can be helpful.  Content-based systems recommend music based on 'what it sounds like',  instead of 'who is listening to it'. With a content-based recommender I can say 'find me music that sounds like the song "Take five"' and I should get a list of recommendations or songs that sound similar. 

Currently there are very few content-based recommendation engines.  There's Predixis, that uses automated, computer analysis to determine similarity and Pandora that uses musicians to characterize music conent.  It's still early days for content-based recommenders,  and there's plenty of room for improvement in the quality of recommendations.  I suspect, though that soon these content-based recommenders will be key to driving listeners into the long tail, to help people find that independent artist.

20 years ago a new artist needed a record company to be successful for three reasons: the recording studio, the record promotion and the distribution channel.  Today, a recording studio is cheap and distribution is easy.  The last piece of the puzzle is helping listeners find the new artist's music.

Comments:

This statement is rather deceptive and technically untrue: " You keep all of the rights and all of the profits from sale." You get the net percentage that iTunes or Rhapsody has agreed with TuneCore to pay back from what they charge at retail. Which their website doesn't actually specify that I can see. I'd be surprised if its more then 20% of the sale price, but thats just random speculation. You are also paying up front for them to "publish" you to iTunes and Rhpasody so you need to subtract that $10.00 from your "profit" to get your real profit or loss. All in all it strikes me as very similar to "vanity publishing" in the book business. You pay the costs to produce the IP. You pay them to publish you. And then you pray you can sell enough to make it a net win.

Posted by gameguy on January 29, 2006 at 05:56 PM EST #

Btw Im glad you mentioned the "last piece of the puzzle" but I think you didn't stress it strongly enough.

"The last piece of the puzzle is helping listeners find the new artist's music." In other words, marketing. Without spending serious marketing dollars its doubtful you can find much of an audience. And thats the bigget value the big publishers bring today.

Posted by gameguy on January 29, 2006 at 05:58 PM EST #

I'm not sure I agree about the content based recommenders being the solution to finding less popular artists. The problem being that finding a song that sounds like "Take Five" might get you another jazz track or another song in 5/4 time - but those probably aren't the reasons you think it is really good. That is a more undefinable quality. I think maybe recommendations based on social groups of people interested in the same kind of music or based on "experts" (e.g. reviewers in the media or DJs even!) are going to be important in discovering new music. Really interesting and relevant blog BTW.

Posted by tristanf on January 31, 2006 at 05:26 AM EST #

Tristanf ... thanks for the comments, I agree that content-based recommenders have lots of ground to cover before they can equal the quality of social recommenders, but content-based recommenders can do some things that a social recommender can't, such as figure out which of the 1,000 songs that were released *today* should be added to your regular rotation, or to generate a playlist of similar music on your iPod (when you are not connected to the social recommender). (Btw, the audio tagger you describe at cookinrelaxin looks very interesting.)

Posted by Paul on January 31, 2006 at 06:00 AM EST #

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